affirmative action :: essays research papers

Websters New World Dictionary definition of affirmative run is a policy or program for correcting the effects of discrimination in the employment or education of members of certain groups. President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the Executive Order 11246 requiring federal contractors to use affirmative action to increase the number of minorities that are employed. He also created the Office or Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) which set out to find the exact gist of Affirmative Action (Woods). Affirmative action is supposed to create ways for people to experience equal opportunities in the work place and for students wanting to go to college. However, while creating equal opportunities for some, it discriminated against others.With the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, galore(postnominal) corporations created new ways of going around affirmative action without creating a separate of attention. Some companies created programs that would make it harder for minorities to get . matchless company, Duke Power Company of North Carolina, created a rule where in order to be considered for a promotion, you had to have been a high school graduate and pass 2 tests that were administered. These qualifications were mainly for the labor divisions which consisted of mainly black men. The problem being at the time only 12% of the black in North Carolina had passed high school, meaning they would not be eligible for the promotions. In 1961 it was taken to the Supreme Court and the 9 Justices unanimously hold that this was a form a discrimination against blacks (Woods). Besides employees, students applying for college were being affected greatly. The affirmative action programs were becoming the basis for admission to college. This was creating unfair advantages of minorities over others. One man who felt this way was Allan Burke. Burke a 35 year old man decided to attend medical school. He applied to many schools, but was turned down because of his age. One s chool he applied at was University of California at Davis. The application contained a section that read, Applicants from economically and educationally disadvantaged backgrounds are evaluated by a special subcommittee of the admissions committee. Whoever checked this was evaluated by a special task force which was created to bring in more nonage students.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay -- Literature Fahrenheit 451 Book

Fahrenheit 451There appears to be some writing on the note ... Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, is a science fiction novel that discusses and shows the life of a very controlled society. The society is not allowed to read books and is penalise for doing so. The books argon burned at 451 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the temperature it takes book paper to burn (Bradbury 1). Although society today isnt like that as far as books be concerned, the author quiet down shows some trends that are occurring today. Some of the characters in the novel are similar to people in todays society in the way they act towards societys views. The society in Fahrenheit 451 is similar to the society in Those Who Walk Away From Omelas, a story by Ursula LeGuin.Although the novel and the short story apply a in all different plot and narrative, the themes and moral issues are similar. The society in the novel is a very controlled society as far as values and beliefs are concerned. The government has set r ules and regulations that books are not allowed and will be burned if they are being read or seen by anybody. Instead of the send away discussion section putting out fires, they are actually the ones setting the books on fire. The beliefs are forced into peoples heads by television or the radio that books are bad and should never be read. Most of the people in this society listen to whatever the government tells them and believe that books are not good and will alarm the fire department if anyone is going against the rules. The people of this society are stuck in this matrix, or belief system, and they have no choice to get out, similar to the movie The Matrix. They have to obey all the rules of the matrix perfectly or else they will be the outcast an... ... todays society are similar to some of the characters in the novel. Fahrenheit 451 cannister also be related to some stories in literature because of the issues and themes it discusses. Both todays society and the society in the novel have certain rules that the people in the matrices are supposed to follow but the rules in the novel are less common and their punishments tend to be stranger and harsher. Whether or not these rules and beliefs are morally right or fair is a different subject, however, it doesnt seem fair to make the laws so strict without any flexibility. When doing this, there tends to be more rebellion, which is seen in the novel Fahrenheit 451. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York Ballantine Books, 1953 Kennedy, X. J., Dana Gioia. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Eight Edition. New York Longman, 2002

Acquisition Strategies in DoD Procurements :: essays research papers

General ConsiderationsEach PM must develop and document an acquisition strategy to guide program execution from initiation done reprocurement of systems, subsystems, components, spares, and services beyond the initial production contract award and during post-production support. The acquisition strategy evolves through an iterative process and becomes increasingly more definitive in describing the relationship of the essential elements of a program. A primary goal of the strategy is to minimize the time and cost it takes, consistent with common sense and sound craft practices, to satisfy identified, validated needs, and to maximize affordability throughout a programs useful life cycle.In developing the acquisition strategy, the PM considers all policy guidance contained in the acquisition strategy portion on DoD 5000.2R. In documenting the acquisition strategy, the PM provides a complete picture of the strategy for the purpose makers who will be asked to coordinate on or approve the strategy document. The PM ensures the document satisfies the necessarys of DoD 5000.2R for the acquisition strategy to identify, address, describe, summarize, or otherwise document specific, major aspects or isues of the program or strategy.The PM develops the acquisition strategy in preparation initiation, prior to the program initiation decision, and updates it prior to all major program decision points or whenever the approved acquisition strategy changes or as the system approach and program elements become better prepared. The PM engages the Working Level combine Product Team (WIPT) and Operational Test Agency (OTA) in the development of the acquisition strategy, and obtains concurrence of the Program decision maker Officer and Component Acquisition Executive , as appropriate.The Milestone Decision Authority approves the acquisition strategy prior to the release of the formal solicitation. Approval usually precedes each decision point, except at program initiation, when the acquisition strategy usually is approved as part of the milestone decision review.REQUIREMENTSThe acquisition strategy provides a summary description of the requirement the acquisition is intended to satisfy. The summary highlights aspects of the requirement (1) driven by family-of-systems or mission area requirements for interoperability, and (2) that reflect dependency on planned capability cosmos achieved by other programs. The summary also states whether the requirement is structured to achieve full capability in time-phased increments or in a single step. For time-phased requirements, define the block about to be undertaken, as well as subsequent blocks.The acquisition strategy identifies approved source documents constituting the authoritative definition of the requirement such(prenominal) as the Operational Requirements Document (ORD), Capstone Requirements Document (CRD), and Acquisition Program Baseline (APB).

Cuban Missile Crisis: The Brink of Global Nuclear War Essay -- History

Cuban Missile Crisis The Brink of Global Nuclear warfareThe Cuban Missile Crisis had a huge impact on society even years after it was resolved because the incident had brought our nation and the world so close to the brink of nuclear war. Before the Cuban Missile Crisis had occurred, many other factors had been piling up and building undesirable tensions between many countries. on the way new allies and enemies were made causing more stress to the Cold War. The new bonds that formed after Cuba was taken over by Fidel Castro pushed nuclear war to the very edge. Many changes in Cuba caused tensions to mount between the United States, Cuba, and Russia. At the time before the Bay of Pigs incident, Cuba had a corrupt dictator that control the people without giving them much freedom. President Fulgencio Batista was an ally to the United States because American companies that were based in Cuba did not have many restrictions. Many wealthy Americans have plantations on the island of Cuba because of the lack of restrictions. This all changed in 1959 when Fidel Castro took over. Castro wanted to limit American influence and cut ties with the United States. Castro quickly made campaigns to be allies with the Soviets. For Castros attempt to woo the Soviets, the United States stopped the importing of sugar from Cuba. Cubas economy would have suffered terribly if they could not find a buyer. The Soviets agreed to buy all of the sugar. by and by this the United States cut off all relations with Cuba. The United States and Cuba were no longer allies even though they were only separated by a mere 100 miles. While the Cold War loomed over the heads of the world, the President of the United States tried to think of way... ...ry.navy.mil/faqs/faq90-1.htm. Naval Historical Center, 1993. Cuban Missile Crisis - hind end F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Web. 22 Jan. 2012. . W eb. . Web. through . Web. Pike, John. Cold War in the 1960s. 2012.ops/cold-war-1960s.htm. Web. Limited Test Ban Treaty. U.S. plane section of State. January 22, 2012. . Sting. Russians. The Dream of the Blue Turtles. A & M Records, 1985. Vinyl. Berkin. Making America A History of the United States. Wadsworth, 2012. P. 354

The Velvet Revolution Essay -- World History

The citizens of Czechoslovakia had not known freedom in decades. During much of World War II the nation was occupied by the Nazis and later by the scarlet Army as it drove the Nazis back to Berlin. When they Red Army moved into an area, communist regimes were set up to govern the area, and establish satellite nations. There were legion(predicate) uprisings throughout the decade that were violently suppressed by the communist governments with help from the USSR. After Alexander Dubcek tried to grant reforms to the people of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the USSR and most members of the capital of Poland Pact sent their military forces to intervene and suppress any unrest or reforms. Things grew somewhat violent and brutal, as any demonstrators were either or beaten, killed, or arrested. Dubcek himself was removed from power. While many Czech citizens were fed up with their lack of freedom and the failing economy, they had little chance to achieve change. In the mid 1980s though things beg an to lighten up when Mikhail Gorbachev became Premier of the USSR and announced his reform programs of Glasnost and Perestroika. Gorbachev also encouraged the leaders of the satellite states to follow suit and grant their citizens more semipolitical and civil liberties. Under Gorbachev the USSR also withdrew most of its armed forces from eastern and central European countries. Many citizens and political reformers took advantage of the moment and started to push for an end to the individual party political system that had been forced on them for years. 1989 was the year of many revolutions and demonstrations in eastern and central Europe. In October of 1989 police in Prague had to break up a few large demonstrations that broke out on the 71st anniversary of the establishment of Czec... ...the movement gained such widespread popular support made it assertable for the demonstrators to have a great deal of leverage when negotiating with the communist party. Works CitedLadislav Ad amec, Speech by Premier Ladislav Adamec at an extraordinary session of the CPCz CC, stating his preference for a political solution to the crisis, make the History of 1989, Item 512, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/512 (accessed April 17 2012, 706 pm).The Civic Forum, The Civic Forums Exposition of its Position in Public spiritedness with a Call for Nonviolence, Tolerance and Dialogue, Making the History of 1989, Item 503, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/503 (accessed April 17 2012, 715 pm).The Civic Forum, List of Goals by the Civic Forum, Making the History of 1989, Item 513, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/513 (accessed April 17 2012, 656 pm).

The Velvet Revolution Essay -- World History

The citizens of Czechoslovakia had not known freedom in decades. During much of World War II the nation was occupy by the Nazis and later by the Red Army as it drove the Nazis back to Berlin. When they Red Army moved into an area, communist regimes were set up to control the area, and establish satellite nations. There were numerous uprisings throughout the decade that were violently suppressed by the communist governments with help from the USSR. After Alexander Dubcek tried to agree reforms to the people of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the USSR and most members of the Warsaw Pact sent their military forces to intervene and suppress any unrest or reforms. Things grew somewhat violent and brutal, as any demonstrators were either or beaten, killed, or arrested. Dubcek himself was removed from power. While many Czech citizens were fed up with their lack of freedom and the failing economy, they had little bechance to achieve change. In the mid 1980s though things began to lighten up when Mikhail Gorbachev became Premier of the USSR and announced his reform programs of Glasnost and Perestroika. Gorbachev also encouraged the leaders of the satellite states to do suit and grant their citizens more political and civil liberties. Under Gorbachev the USSR also withdrew most of its armed forces from eastern and central European countries. Many citizens and political reformers took proceeds of the moment and started to push for an end to the single party political system that had been forced on them for years. 1989 was the year of many revolutions and demonstrations in eastern and central Europe. In October of 1989 police in Prague had to break up a few large demonstrations that broke out on the 71st anniversary of the establishment of Czec... ...the movement gained such far-flung popular support made it possible for the demonstrators to have a great deal of leverage when negotiating with the communist party. Works CitedLadislav Adamec, Speech by Premier Ladislav Adame c at an extraordinary session of the CPCz CC, stating his preference for a political solution to the crisis, Making the History of 1989, Item 512, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/512 (accessed April 17 2012, 706 pm).The civic Forum, The Civic Forums definition of its Position in Public Life with a Call for Nonviolence, Tolerance and Dialogue, Making the History of 1989, Item 503, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/503 (accessed April 17 2012, 715 pm).The Civic Forum, List of Goals by the Civic Forum, Making the History of 1989, Item 513, http//chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/513 (accessed April 17 2012, 656 pm).